就近原则是什么意思?
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。 在正式文体中: 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:”there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also” ; 等。 e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 ③Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了,他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 ②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 非正式文体中: 有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
延伸阅读
英语五个就近原则?
1、由并列连词or连接的多个主语,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
2、由并列连词either···or···连接的两个主语,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
3、由并列连词neither···nor···连接的两个主语,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
4、由并列连词not only···but also···连接的两个主语,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。5、由并列连词not···but···连接的两个主语,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
英语中的就近原则和就远原则都有哪些?要翻译?
就近原则:是指谓语与其相近的名词、代词在“人称、数量”上要保持一致。
1、并列主语由以下词组连接,要采用就近原则:
① there be 句型
eg: There is a book and some pencils on the table.
译:桌子上有一本书和几支铅笔。
② either… or…
eg: Either they or Sam is going to Beijing next Monday.
译:下周一要去北京的不是他们,就是山姆。
③ neither… nor…
eg: Neither you nor he is right.
译:你和他都不对。
④ not… but…
eg: Not you but I am to blame.
译:不是你,而是我应受到责备。
⑤ not only…but also
eg: Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
译:安和她的父母每周日都待在家里。
⑥ or
eg: What he does or what he says does not concern me.
译:他做了什么或是他说了什么,都没有让我担忧。
2、在倒装句中,可采用就近原则:
eg: In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
译:在远处,你能听见人们的鼓掌声和欢呼声。
就远原则:指谓语动词要与比较远的那个主语保持一致。
1、as well as
eg: The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.
译:这个孩子和他的父母一样想去那里。
2、(together / along) with
eg: A woman with two children has come.
译:一位女士带着她的两个哈子来了。
3、rather than
eg: He rather than I is right.
译:他是对的,我是错的。
4、except
eg: No one except (but) me knows about this news.
译:除了我,没有人知道这个消息。
5、but
eg: Nobody but two students is in the room.
译:除了两名学生,这间屋子没有其他人了。
6、no less than
eg: My father, no less than I, is a baseball fan.
译:爸爸和我一样都是棒球迷。